The skin's natural microflora includes species of Corynebacterium, staphylococci, streptococci, Brevibacterium, and Candida as well as Propionibacterium. In addition to these defences, the skin also consists of natural microflora which offers additional protection by competitively inhibiting pathogenic bacterial growth by competing for nutrients and attachment sites and by producing metabolic products that inhibit microbial growth. This produces a hostile environment for microorganisms. The uppermost epidermal layer is covered by a protective keratinous surface which allows for the removal of microorganisms via sloughing off of keratinocytes and acidic sebaceous secretions. It is responsible for numerous functions such as heat regulation and protecting the underlying organs and tissue. The skin is the body's largest mechanical barrier against the external environment and invasion by microorganisms. Encouragement is made for further research into essential oil combinations with other essential oils, antimicrobials, and carrier oils. Very few viral studies of relevance to the skin have been made. Combination studies incorporating oil blends, as well as interactions with conventional antimicrobials, have shown that mostly synergy is reported. While dermatological skin pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus have been well studied, other pathogens such as Streptococcus pyogenes, Propionibacterium acnes, Haemophilus influenzae, and Brevibacterium species have been sorely neglected. The minimum inhibitory concentration dilution method is the preferred means of determining antimicrobial activity. Also included is a review of combinations with other essential oils and antimicrobials. This review explores the fundamental knowledge available on the antimicrobial properties against pathogens responsible for dermatological infections and compares the scientific evidence to what is recommended for use in common layman's literature. ![]() At least 90 essential oils can be identified as being recommended for dermatological use, with at least 1500 combinations. Combined with their popular use in dermatology, their availability, and the development of antimicrobial resistance, commercial essential oils are often an option for therapy. Essential oils are one of the most notorious natural products used for medical purposes.
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